Describe Cisco's three-layer hierarchical model.
Cisco's three-layer hierarchical model is a networking design framework that divides network functionality into three distinct layers. Each layer has specific roles and responsibilities, and the model is designed to provide scalability, flexibility, and ease of management. The three layers in Cisco's hierarchical model are:
- Access Layer:
- Function: The access layer, also known as the edge layer, is responsible for connecting end devices (such as computers, printers, and IP phones) to the network. It serves as the entry point for users and devices to access network resources.
- Characteristics:
- Provides user and device connectivity to the network.
- Enforces security policies, such as port security and VLAN assignment.
- Handles media access control (MAC) address filtering and basic traffic filtering.
- Distribution Layer:
- Function: The distribution layer acts as an intermediary between the access layer and the core layer. It is responsible for routing and filtering traffic between different VLANs and subnets, ensuring efficient and secure communication.
- Characteristics:
- Aggregates and distributes traffic between access layer devices.
- Implements routing and packet filtering to control traffic flow.
- Provides policy-based connectivity, quality of service (QoS), and access control.
- Core Layer:
- Function: The core layer, also known as the backbone or network backbone, is responsible for high-speed, efficient transport of data between distribution layer devices. It ensures fast and reliable data forwarding throughout the network.
- Characteristics:
- Provides high-speed, low-latency transport of data between distribution layer devices.
- Typically built with high-capacity, high-speed routers and switches.
- Designed for scalability, fault tolerance, and minimal complexity.
Key Advantages of the Three-Layer Hierarchical Model:
- Scalability: The modular design allows for easy expansion as the network grows.
- Flexibility: Each layer can be upgraded or modified independently without affecting the entire network.
- Ease of Management: The separation of functions into distinct layers simplifies network management tasks.
This hierarchical model is a widely adopted approach for designing enterprise networks, and it helps organizations build scalable, efficient, and manageable network architectures.