Explain the difference between a virus and a worm.

Both viruses and worms are types of malicious software (malware) that can infect computer systems, but they differ in their characteristics and methods of propagation. Let's delve into the technical details of each:

Computer Virus:

1. Definition:
   • A computer virus is a self-replicating program or code that attaches itself to a legitimate executable file or program.
   • It requires a host program to spread and execute.
2. Propagation:
   • Viruses typically spread through infected files, often through email attachments, infected software installations, or sharing of infected files on removable media.
3. Activation:
   • Viruses are triggered when the infected program or file is executed by a user.
   • They may infect other files in the system and can also modify or corrupt data.
4. Payload:
   • Viruses can carry a payload, which is the malicious action they are designed to perform.
   • Payloads can range from simple activities like displaying messages to destructive actions such as deleting files or formatting hard drives.
5. Detection:
   • Antivirus programs are designed to detect and remove viruses.
   • Signature-based detection involves recognizing known virus patterns, while behavior-based detection looks for suspicious activities.

Computer Worm:

1. Definition:
   • A computer worm is a standalone, self-replicating program that does not require a host file to propagate.
   • Worms spread independently by exploiting vulnerabilities in network protocols.
2. Propagation:
   • Worms often spread through network connections, exploiting security vulnerabilities in operating systems or software.
   • They can also propagate through email attachments or other means, but unlike viruses, they don't need a host file to spread.
3. Activation:
   • Worms are activated automatically once they infect a system.
   • They can initiate their replication and payload without user intervention.
4. Payload:
   • Similar to viruses, worms can carry payloads, ranging from simply replicating themselves to more malicious actions like creating backdoors for remote control or launching denial-of-service attacks.
5. Detection:
   • Antivirus and anti-malware tools also detect and remove worms.
   • Behavioral analysis, anomaly detection, and network-based intrusion detection systems are often used to identify and mitigate worm threats.

Summary:

The main difference lies in their method of propagation and the need for a host file. Viruses rely on host files, while worms are independent entities that exploit network vulnerabilities for spreading. Both can cause harm by carrying payloads, but worms often have the potential to spread more rapidly across networks due to their self-replicating nature.