FMC Architecture in the 5G Era: Converged Networks for Seamless Connectivity
As 5G networks continue to develop, there's a growing need for smooth, dependable, and fast connectivity in both wireless and wired spaces. This is where Fixed-Mobile Convergence (FMC) steps in. FMC allows the merging of fixed broadband and mobile access into a single unified core network, which helps operators streamline their operations, cut costs, and offer a better experience for users.
The accompanying image depicts the FMC architecture in the 5G era, illustrating how wireless (NG RAN), wireline (AN), and hybrid access come together with the 5G converged core and wireline core networks through various interfaces, gateways, and interworking functions. In this blog, we’ll break down the diagram, explaining how FMC functions, why it’s important, and its implications for the evolution of 5G.
What is Fixed-Mobile Convergence (FMC)?
Fixed-Mobile Convergence (FMC) is all about bringing together fixed access networks (like fiber broadband) and mobile access networks (like 5G radio) into one cohesive service framework.
Users can easily switch between wireless and wireline networks.
Operators can leverage shared infrastructure for various access types.
Service delivery becomes more efficient and less costly.
In the 5G landscape, FMC supports a combined architecture that cuts down on duplication, enhances resource utilization, and sets the stage for new digital offerings like IoT, cloud gaming, and AR/VR.
FMC in the 5G Era: Key Components
The architecture diagram showcases various access types and integration points, all converging into a 5G core network. Let’s break it down step by step.
- Access Modes in FMC
Standalone Fixed Wireless Access (FWA): * Provides wireless-only connectivity via 5G Radio Gateways (5G RG). * It does away with the need for wired broadband, making it perfect for underserved rural and suburban areas. * Connects directly to the Next-Generation RAN (NG RAN) for access.
Hybrid Access: * Blends wireless (5G) and fixed wireline broadband. * Enhances reliability by balancing load and providing failover between both connections. * Employs a 5G Residential Gateway (5G RG) to manage both types of connections.
Traditional Wireline Access (RG): * Utilizes older broadband setups. * Connects through the Wireline Access Network (Wireline AN) to the core. * Works alongside 5G but requires interworking functions for smooth service continuity.
- Next-Generation RAN (NG RAN)
The NG RAN establishes the wireless access layer in FMC. It provides connectivity for:
Standalone fixed wireless access users.
Mobile users on smartphones and IoT devices.
Hybrid residential gateways that integrate fixed and mobile broadband.
It’s closely linked to the 5G converged core network, ensuring low latency, high throughput, and effective mobility management.
- Wireline Access Network (Wireline AN)
The Wireline AN serves as the fixed broadband access system, usually comprising:
Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH)
DSL networks
Cable broadband
In FMC, this network doesn’t work alone but integrates through:
5G Access Gateway Function (5G AGF): Connects the wireline AN with the 5G core.
Helps fixed broadband users take advantage of 5G features like unified authentication, QoS, and policy control.
- 5G Converged Core Network
At the heart of FMC is the 5G converged core, which unifies both mobile and fixed access.
It has two main planes:
Control Plane: Manages signaling, authentication, and mobility management.
User Plane: Handles data forwarding and traffic flow.
This core enables seamless service delivery, whether a user is on 5G mobile, fixed broadband, or hybrid access.
- Supporting Functions
5G Access Gateway Function (5G AGF): * A vital component of FMC. * Converts wireline access into a format that works with the 5G core. * Integrates wireline AN into the 5G environment.
5G Fixed-Mobile Interworking Function (5G FMIF): * Ensures that older wireline core networks can work with the new 5G converged core. * Facilitates smooth interaction during times of transition.
Wireline Core Network: * Keeps compatibility with older broadband infrastructures. * Works with the 5G core via FMIF to minimize disruptions for legacy users.
- Data Network
Ultimately, all access types and cores connect to the Data Network (DN). This is where internet services, enterprise applications, cloud platforms, and IoT ecosystems live. FMC ensures all users—whether mobile or fixed—access the DN through one converged service model.
FMC Architecture Workflow
Here’s a look at how FMC functions in real life:
End User Access: * Users connect through mobile (5G), fixed broadband, or hybrid access.
Access Network Processing: * Wireless: Routed through NG RAN. * Fixed: Routed via Wireline AN + 5G AGF.
Interworking & Integration: * Hybrid or older access needs interworking with the 5G FMIF. * NG RAN links up directly with the 5G core.
Core Convergence: * Control Plane authenticates and manages sessions. * User Plane directs data traffic towards the DN.
Service Delivery: * Users connect to the internet, enterprise networks, or cloud services without a hitch.
Benefits of FMC in 5G
The FMC architecture brings several benefits:
Unified Service Delivery * One core for both fixed and mobile access. * Users enjoy a consistent experience across devices and access types.
Cost Efficiency * Cuts down on infrastructure duplication. * Simplifies operations with a shared management approach.
Improved Reliability * Hybrid access offers redundancy (wireless + wireline). * Guarantees constant connectivity.
Future-Readiness * Supports emerging use cases like IoT, AR/VR, and Industry 4.0. * Provides flexibility for a gradual shift from legacy networks.
FMC and Coexistence Strategy
A critical part of FMC in the 5G era is its coexistence with older networks. Operators can’t just replace their existing wireline infrastructure overnight, so FMC offers:
Interworking through 5G FMIF
A gradual migration of customers to the 5G converged core
Smooth coexistence of 4G, fixed broadband, and new 5G services
This approach helps operators avoid service disruptions while upgrading their networks.
FMC in the Context of 5G Evolution
The FMC architecture isn’t just a temporary fix—it’s the foundation for future networks. In the 6G era, networks will be:
More AI-driven and automated.
Heavily focused on edge computing.
Designed for network slicing spanning both fixed and mobile areas.
By implementing FMC now, operators are setting themselves up for these advanced changes.
Conclusion
The FMC architecture in the 5G era serves as a robust framework for providing smooth, integrated, and efficient connectivity across both fixed and mobile networks. By merging access networks into a single converged core, FMC lowers costs, boosts reliability, and enhances the overall user experience.
For telecom operators, FMC isn’t just a matter of convenience—it’s a strategic must. As services diversify and user expectations rise, only converged networks will have the scalability and flexibility to support the future of connectivity.