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5g

Initial Attach on E-UTRAN via 5G Core – Complete Call Flow Explained for Telecom Engineers

A deep dive into the Initial Attach process on E-UTRAN via the 5G Core. Learn how UE registration, QoS mapping, and policy control ensure smooth LTE-5G connectivity.

EPS to 5G Handover with N26 Interface: Detailed Call Flow Explained

Understand the complete EPS to 5G handover process using the N26 interface, with a step-by-step call flow breakdown for telecom engineers and network planners.

Backhaul Capacity Requirements for 5G Sites: Spectrum, Cell Types, and Performance

Understand 5G backhaul capacity requirements across Dense Urban, Urban, Suburban, and Rural deployments, including spectrum, MIMO, and cell types.

3GPP Reference Architecture for V2X: Complete Guide for Connected Vehicle Communication

Explore the 3GPP reference architecture for V2X communication, including UE types, interfaces, and network components for vehicle-to-everything connectivity.

NG-RAN Protocol Stack Explained: 5G User Plane & Control Plane Functions

Understand the NG-RAN protocol stack in 5G, covering user plane, control plane, SDAP, PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY layers for telecom engineers.

NB-IoT Network Architecture Explained: Components, Interfaces, and Data Flow

Discover how NB-IoT network architecture connects devices to IoT services via CIoT RAN, EPC elements, and key interfaces for efficient low-power communication.

Functional Split Between NG-RAN and 5G Core: Architecture and Key Roles

Discover how NG-RAN and 5G Core split functions for performance, scalability, and flexibility in modern mobile networks.

LTE vs 5G QoS Architecture: Detailed Comparison and Key Differences

Explore how QoS is handled in LTE and 5G networks, from EPS bearers in 4G to QoS flows in 5G. Learn about mapping, architecture changes, and performance benefits.

Separation of Control Plane and User Plane in EPC – 3GPP Release 14 CUPS Architecture Explained

Learn how 3GPP Release 14 introduced Control and User Plane Separation (CUPS) in EPC for better scalability, flexibility, and network efficiency.

SDN Framework Explained: Components, Architecture, and Interfaces

Discover the SDN framework’s architecture, from application to control planes, and learn how Northbound and Southbound interfaces enable agile, programmable networks.