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What frequency bands are typically used for NB-IoT deployment?

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Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a low-power, wide-area network (LPWAN) technology designed for the efficient communication of small data packets over long ranges. NB-IoT operates within specific frequency bands to ensure compatibility and efficient use of the radio spectrum. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has defined several frequency bands for NB-IoT deployment, and the specific bands used can vary by region and country. Here is a general overview:

  1. Frequency Range 1 (FR1):
    • Band 5 (868 MHz): This frequency band is commonly used in Europe for NB-IoT deployment. It operates in the 868 MHz band, allowing for efficient communication with low power consumption.
    • Band 8 (900 MHz): In some regions, such as Asia and Africa, NB-IoT may use the 900 MHz band (Band 8). This band is also used for GSM networks.
  2. Frequency Range 2 (FR2):
    • Band 20 (800 MHz): This band is used in some regions, and it operates in the 800 MHz range. It provides good coverage and penetration, making it suitable for IoT devices deployed in challenging environments.
    • Band 28 (700 MHz): The 700 MHz band is also used for NB-IoT in certain regions. It offers extended coverage and better signal penetration, especially in rural or remote areas.
  3. Additional Bands:
    • Band 18 (850 MHz): Some deployments may use the 850 MHz band for NB-IoT, providing additional options for network operators.

It's important to note that these bands are part of the LTE (Long-Term Evolution) standard, specifically designed for IoT applications. The choice of frequency bands for NB-IoT deployment depends on regulatory considerations, regional allocations, and the availability of spectrum. Additionally, the use of licensed spectrum ensures reliable and secure communication for IoT devices.

Network operators and IoT device manufacturers should consider regional regulatory requirements and spectrum availability when planning NB-IoT deployments to ensure compatibility and adherence to local standards.