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What is cloud computing, and how does it differ from traditional IT infrastructure?

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Cloud Computing:

Definition:

Cloud computing is a technology model that allows users to access and use computing resources (such as servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence) over the internet, often referred to as "the cloud." These resources are provided on a pay-as-you-go or subscription basis, offering scalability, flexibility, and cost-efficiency.

Key Characteristics:

  1. On-Demand Self-Service:
    • Users can provision and manage computing resources as needed without requiring human intervention from the service provider.
  2. Broad Network Access:
    • Services are available over the network and can be accessed through standard mechanisms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations).
  3. Resource Pooling:
    • Cloud providers pool and allocate resources dynamically to multiple customers. Resources are assigned and reassigned based on demand.
  4. Rapid Elasticity:
    • Resources can be rapidly scaled up or down to accommodate workload changes, providing flexibility and efficiency.
  5. Measured Service:
    • Cloud computing resources usage is monitored, controlled, and billed based on a pay-per-use model.

Service Models:

  1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
    • Provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. Users can rent virtual machines, storage, and networking.
  2. Platform as a Service (PaaS):
    • Offers a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without dealing with the complexity of infrastructure.
  3. Software as a Service (SaaS):
    • Delivers software applications over the internet on a subscription basis, eliminating the need for users to install, manage, and maintain software.

Deployment Models:

  1. Public Cloud:
    • Resources are owned and operated by a third-party cloud service provider and are made available to the general public.
  2. Private Cloud:
    • Resources are used exclusively by a single organization, providing more control over security and customization.
  3. Hybrid Cloud:
    • Combines elements of both public and private clouds, allowing data and applications to be shared between them.

Differences from Traditional IT Infrastructure:

1. Resource Ownership and Management:

  • In traditional IT, organizations own and manage their physical servers and infrastructure. In cloud computing, these resources are owned and maintained by the cloud service provider.

2. Scalability:

  • Cloud computing allows for dynamic scaling of resources on-demand, whereas traditional IT infrastructure may require significant time and effort for capacity planning and procurement.

3. Cost Model:

  • Cloud computing follows a pay-as-you-go model, enabling cost efficiency by charging users based on actual resource usage. Traditional IT often involves upfront capital expenditures.

4. Accessibility:

  • Cloud services are accessible over the internet from anywhere, providing greater flexibility compared to traditional IT infrastructure that may be location-bound.

5. Maintenance and Updates:

  • Cloud providers handle infrastructure maintenance, updates, and security patches, relieving users from these responsibilities. Traditional IT requires organizations to manage these tasks themselves.

6. Risk and Compliance:

  • Cloud providers invest heavily in security and compliance measures. Traditional IT requires organizations to implement and maintain their security measures.