Gaganpreet Singh

Gaganpreet Singh

Evolution of 5G and 6G Spectrum Bands: Frequency Ranges, Capacity, and Coverage Explained

Discover how 5G and 6G spectrum bands evolve from sub-GHz to sub-THz ranges to deliver higher capacity, lower latency, and revolutionary connectivity across industries.

Understanding the O-RAN E2 Interface: Near-Real-Time RIC Signaling and Control Workflow Explained

Explore the O-RAN E2 Interface signaling between Near-Real-Time RIC and E2 Node. Learn how event triggers, control actions, and timers ensure real-time network optimization.

O-RAN O1 Interface Explained: Network Management, Fault Monitoring, and Performance Assurance in Open RAN

Discover how the O-RAN O1 Interface enables network management, performance monitoring, and fault assurance in open, cloud-native 5G RAN deployments.

O-RAN A1 Interface Explained: AI Policy, Model Management, and Enrichment in 5G Networks

Learn how the O-RAN A1 Interface enables AI policy control, ML model management, and enrichment information exchange in open, intelligent 5G networks.

Demystifying the O-RAN Fronthaul: Understanding CU-plane, S-plane, and M-plane in 5G RAN

Discover how the O-RAN fronthaul connects O-DU and O-RU through CU-plane, S-plane, and M-plane, enabling open, synchronized, and programmable 5G networks.

Understanding the O-RAN Fronthaul Interface: CU-plane, S-plane, and M-plane Explained

Explore how O-RAN’s fronthaul interface connects O-DU and O-RU using CU-plane, S-plane, and M-plane for efficient, synchronized, and open RAN operations.

Inside the O-RAN E2 Interface: Understanding E2AP and E2SM for Intelligent RAN Control

Explore how the O-RAN E2 Interface enables intelligent control through E2AP and E2SM, connecting the Near-RT RIC and E2 Nodes for real-time network optimization.

Understanding Near-Real-Time RIC and E2 Node Interaction in O-RAN Architecture

Explore how Near-Real-Time RIC communicates with E2 Nodes in O-RAN through E2 setup, subscription, and KPI reporting — enabling real-time network intelligence and automation.

Inside the O-RAN Architecture: Understanding RIC, SMO, and Open Interfaces in Next-Gen RAN

Dive into the O-RAN architecture—exploring how SMO, RIC, and open interfaces transform traditional RAN into an intelligent, interoperable, and cloud-native network.

Evolution of Traditional Base Station Architecture: From Black Box to O-RAN and Cloud-Native RAN

Discover how O-RAN transforms traditional monolithic base stations into open, cloud-native, and intelligent architectures—reshaping 5G and beyond.