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5g

O-RAN O1 Interface Explained: Network Management, Fault Monitoring, and Performance Assurance in Open RAN

Discover how the O-RAN O1 Interface enables network management, performance monitoring, and fault assurance in open, cloud-native 5G RAN deployments.

O-RAN A1 Interface Explained: AI Policy, Model Management, and Enrichment in 5G Networks

Learn how the O-RAN A1 Interface enables AI policy control, ML model management, and enrichment information exchange in open, intelligent 5G networks.

Demystifying the O-RAN Fronthaul: Understanding CU-plane, S-plane, and M-plane in 5G RAN

Discover how the O-RAN fronthaul connects O-DU and O-RU through CU-plane, S-plane, and M-plane, enabling open, synchronized, and programmable 5G networks.

Understanding the O-RAN Fronthaul Interface: CU-plane, S-plane, and M-plane Explained

Explore how O-RAN’s fronthaul interface connects O-DU and O-RU using CU-plane, S-plane, and M-plane for efficient, synchronized, and open RAN operations.

Inside the O-RAN E2 Interface: Understanding E2AP and E2SM for Intelligent RAN Control

Explore how the O-RAN E2 Interface enables intelligent control through E2AP and E2SM, connecting the Near-RT RIC and E2 Nodes for real-time network optimization.

Understanding Near-Real-Time RIC and E2 Node Interaction in O-RAN Architecture

Explore how Near-Real-Time RIC communicates with E2 Nodes in O-RAN through E2 setup, subscription, and KPI reporting — enabling real-time network intelligence and automation.

Inside the O-RAN Architecture: Understanding RIC, SMO, and Open Interfaces in Next-Gen RAN

Dive into the O-RAN architecture—exploring how SMO, RIC, and open interfaces transform traditional RAN into an intelligent, interoperable, and cloud-native network.

Evolution of Traditional Base Station Architecture: From Black Box to O-RAN and Cloud-Native RAN

Discover how O-RAN transforms traditional monolithic base stations into open, cloud-native, and intelligent architectures—reshaping 5G and beyond.

Blockchain in 6G-enabled IoT: Transforming Connectivity, Trust, and Automation

Explore how blockchain and 6G converge to revolutionize IoT—powering secure, autonomous, and intelligent systems across industries like healthcare, transport, and smart cities.

User Value in the Metaverse: Exploring Digital Experiences, Trade, and Connectivity

Discover how users create and gain value in the Metaverse through entertainment, education, trade, collaboration, and social influence in this emerging digital economy.