5g

Understanding 5G Physical Channels and Physical Signals: A Complete Technical Overview

Explore how 5G physical channels and signals form the foundation of wireless communication between gNodeB and user equipment (UE). Understand their roles, structure, and importance in the 5G NR architecture.

5G Waveform Evolution Explained: From Release 15 OFDMA to Future Waveforms Beyond 71 GHz

The 5G waveform has evolved from OFDMA-based transmission in Release 15 to high-frequency adaptations in Release 17 and beyond. Learn how subcarrier spacing and new waveform designs are shaping the future of wireless connectivity.

5G Waveform Evolution: From Release 15 to Beyond 71 GHz

The 5G waveform continues to evolve through 3GPP releases—from OFDMA-based designs in Release 15 to advanced high-frequency waveforms in future bands above 71 GHz.

Understanding the 5G Spectrum: From 300 MHz to 100 GHz

5G operates across a vast spectrum from 300 MHz to 100 GHz. Learn how low, mid, and high-frequency bands—sub-6 GHz, cmWave, and mmWave—shape 5G’s speed, coverage, and capacity.

5G NR Numerology Explained: Subcarrier Spacing, Symbol Duration, and Scheduling Intervals

5G NR numerology defines how frequencies, symbols, and scheduling intervals adapt to different 5G use cases. Learn how subcarrier spacing, cyclic prefix, and symbol duration shape network performance.

Understanding NR-ARFCN in 5G NR: Frequency Ranges, Parameters, and Calculation Explained

NR-ARFCN (New Radio Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number) defines how 5G identifies and calculates carrier frequencies across sub-6 GHz and mmWave bands. Here’s a complete, technical yet easy-to-understand breakdown.

NR-ARFCN Per Operating Band (FR2 > 6GHz): Complete Guide to 5G mm Wave Frequency Allocation

Discover how NR-ARFCN (Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number) operates in 5G FR2 (>6GHz) bands. Learn about frequency mapping, duplex modes, and 5G mmWave bands for optimized network performance.

5G NR-ARFCN Explained: Understanding Frequency Bands and Channel Mapping (FR1 < 6GHz)

NR-ARFCN defines how 5G New Radio channels are mapped across different frequency bands. Discover how ARFCN works for FR1 (<6GHz) and why it’s crucial for 5G network design and performance.

Understanding CUPS Architecture for EPC: Enhancing 4G and 5G Core Network Efficiency

CUPS (Control and User Plane Separation) in EPC enhances 4G and 5G networks by separating control and user planes. Learn how this architecture improves scalability, flexibility, and latency performance across telecom systems.

Understanding MEC Application, Interaction, and Service Exposure in 5G Networks

Learn how MEC applications interact across UE, edge, and cloud layers, enabling ultra-low latency, efficient traffic routing, and real-time service delivery in 5G networks.